不同利用方式对纳帕海湿地土壤质量的影响

不同利用方式对纳帕海湿地土壤质量影响的研究,结果表明:与原生沼泽相比,浅水沼泽草甸,排干用于放牧的草甸和垦后湿地的土壤有机质分别减少了4.33%、7.32%和5.64%,全氮分别减少了0.1%、0.33%和0.16%,除垦后湿地速效钾和速效磷含量较高外,此两种土壤的速效养分和有机质、全氮一样变化在不同利用方式的湿地中,均随人为活动干扰的加剧而不断下降。在不同利用方式湿地的土壤酶活性中,蛋白酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性与其土壤有机质等肥力因子存在显著相关性。综合土壤性质10项指标计算的土壤退化指数表明,与原生沼泽相比,不同利用方式下的湿地均出现退化。     

封山育林是恢复和重建晋西黄土高原森林植被的重要途径

论述了晋西黄土高原封山育林的必要性、理论依据及可行性。分析了不同时期弃耕地和封禁小流域的植物演替和植被恢复规律。在黄土弃耕地上植物群落演替规律为：弃耕后,15a-20a为草本植物群落阶段;21a-25a可形成灌木群落;26a-30a能达到较成熟、稳定的灌丛群落;30年后,开始形成乔木林。黄土残塬沟壑区封禁小流域植被恢复情况为：经过12a,木本植物的种类达到了41种,分属于16科34属,其种源来源于周围残存的次生林。总结了封山育林的效果。     

黄土高原寒区青海云杉人工林地土壤水分物理特性研究

对黄土高原高寒区的青海云杉人工林林地的土壤水分物理性质进行了实地观测和分析(主要采用野外实测土壤水分再分布的方法,对入渗后不同土层土壤的水分再分布过程及低吸力段土壤水分特征作了研究),发现该林地在枯落物及林下植被层的作用下,使得0~10 cm表层土壤的持水性最好;因放牧践踏导致林地10~30 cm土层的土壤板结密实,持水性较差;30~50 cm土层土壤的持水性居中。通过研究还拟合得出了该林地土壤水分再分布、土壤水分特征曲线及土壤比水容量的参数。为该地区退耕还林还草、林业生态建设和森林水文效益评价提供了可靠依据。     

美国黑核桃及其在内蒙古的引种驯化

内蒙古自然条件与美国黑核桃的适生条件有一定差异。1998年分别在内蒙古中部、东部、西部开展引种栽培试验，已于2001年开花结果。试验表明本区不是美国黑核桃的栽培禁区，只要栽培区域合理，选择适宜种源的实生优质种苗或适合本区生长的砧木嫁接苗，栽植前期管理保护措施得当，是可以成功的。通过试验初步认为，美国黑核桃能够在内蒙古南部有灌溉条件的地区栽培。     

黄土高原坡地林草复合系统景观边界植物多样性特征

以黄土高原坡地刺槐林—草地复合系统景观边界为研究对象,按一定的生态梯度调查分析了边界植物种的分布特点。结果表明,草地、林地斑块内都有自身的植物种类分布;草地斑块内有较高的植物多样性。在草地斑块内,距林缘8~16m区域为边界植物多样性边缘效应的显著区;林地斑块内β多样性变化剧烈,林缘处的群落相异系数(CD)、Cody指数都最大,共有度指数(CP)最小,CD、Cody与CP成反比。     

陕北黄土区小檗属植物资源调查与播种育苗试验

经调查,陕北黄土区小哭属(Berberis)植物资源有6种,蕴藏量3000担左右。可分为抗旱、中生和湿生3种生态类型。播种育苗试验,种子沙藏处理比热水浸种和干播,平均出苗率分别提高9%和15%,平均提前5天、10天。     

平茬方式对沙柳再萌生能力的影响

研究了不同平茬方式对沙柳再萌生能力的影响,分析了人工镰割、人工锯割、人工刀砍三种平茬方式平茬后的茬口形态及再萌生沙柳的枝条数量、直径、柳条高度。结果表明：最佳平茬方式为人工镰割,其茬口倾斜度最大,茬口背风,有利于茬口防风沙侵袭;平茬后试验区域再萌生枝条数量平均达96.9根,比锯割方式和刀砍方式多出近7根;三种平茬方式对沙柳再萌生枝条直径的影响不大,平均在6～8 mm之间波动;平茬后6～8月份沙柳的生长高度没有明显差异;9月份,镰刀平茬后的沙柳高度优势有所显现,平均值为158 cm。     

高原鼠兔干扰对达乌里秦艽繁殖特征的影响

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)通过掘土和采食等行为对高寒草甸产生广泛的影响,从而影响高寒草甸植物的繁殖特征。本研究以高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)草甸达乌里秦艽(Gentiana dahurica)为对象,采用野外调查法研究了高原鼠兔干扰对其繁殖特征的影响。结果表明,随着高原鼠兔干扰水平的增大,达乌里秦艽的地上生物量、株高、茎叶比、生殖枝数、营养枝数、花序数、花序生物量和单株种子产量均呈增加态势。干扰水平为Ⅰ(112±32)个·hm-2和Ⅱ(192±48)个·hm-2时,达乌里秦艽所同化的物质主要分配于同化器官叶中,以保证种群的生存;当干扰水平增大到Ⅲ(352±64)个·hm-2和Ⅳ(608±48)个·hm-2时,达乌里秦艽将其所同化的物质更多地分配于生殖生长,形成更多的生殖枝数、花序数和单株种子产量,从而提高了达乌里秦艽的繁殖能力,一定程度上解析了高原鼠兔过度干扰劣化高山嵩草草甸放牧品质的途径。     

Effects of Parity of Dam and Breeding Date on the Litter Size of Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goats

The article through the analysis and research to the effects of parity of dam and breeding date on the litter size of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats,determine the optimal mating time of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats,in order to improve the efficiency of reproductive.Data used were 1998 to 2013 reproductive performance records collected from the Arbas stock farm in Inner Mongolia,China.The GLM procedure of SAS 9.0 software was used to determine the significant effect of the parity of dam and breeding date,the results showed that the parity of dam and breeding date had significant effect on litter size (P< 0.01).Litter size was the lowest in 1st parity does (1.37),the significantly increase in litter size with advance in parity and decline after six parity;Mating cycles for September 29th to October 16th had the highest litter size (1.76),and the estrous months and estrus peak time mainly concentrated in October,so this stage in production could be used as breeding period of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats.     

Analysis of Regular Nutritional Components and Amino Acid Contents of Mongolia Bullock Muscle Grazed in Kubuqi Desert

In order to evaluate the Mongolia muscle characteristics and nutritional value, six Mongolia bullocks aged 4 years grazed in Kubuqi desert were chosen to analyze the regular nutritional components and amino acid contents of Mongolia muscle.The results showed that the contents of water, crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), crude ash (ash), calcium and phosphorus of Mongolia muscle (fresh) were 68.21%, 22.60%, 6.49%, 2.69%, 0.58% and 0.55%, respectively.A total amino acid (TAA) content of beef was 24.297 g/100 g, essential amino acid content was 10.265 g/100 g, the proportion of essential amino acid justified and exceeded the FAO/WHO standard.The ratio of essential amino acid and total amino acid contents (EAA/TAA) was 42.25%, the ratio of essential amino acid and the non-essential amino acid (EAA/NEAA) was 73.15%.In functional amino acid, the content of palatable taste amino acid and sweet flavor amino acid in total amino acid was 46.891%.In addition to valine, essential amino acid contents of Mongolia muscle were superior to ideal protein of FAO/WHO standard, the percentage of valine reached 83.972% in ideal protein.These results indicated that Mongolia muscle belonged to the comprehensive nutrition and high quality protein food on the evaluation of the regular nutrient content and the amino acid content of beef.